Memory Allocation

public class MemoryAllocationExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Allocating memory on the stack
        int x = 5;
        
        // Allocating memory on the heap
        Integer y = new Integer(10);
        
        // String literals are stored in the String pool
        String str1 = "Hello";
        
        // Creating a new String object on the heap
        String str2 = new String("Hello");
        
        System.out.println("x: " + x);
        System.out.println("y: " + y);
        System.out.println("str1 == str2: " + (str1 == str2));
        System.out.println("str1.equals(str2): " + str1.equals(str2));
    }
}

Garbage Collection

public class GarbageCollectionExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
            new Object();
        }
        
        System.out.println("Before GC: " + Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory());
        System.gc();
        System.out.println("After GC: " + Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory());
    }
}